Focusing on imaging aspects of bistatic sar signal processing, this book covers resolution analysis, echo generation methods, imaging algorithms, imaging parameter estimation, and motion. Bistatic synthetic aperture radar data processing request pdf. Bistatic sar system is a new mode that allocates the radar transmitter and receiver on different platforms and has more advantages compared to the monostatic case. A comparison of point target spectra derived for bistatic. Bistatic synthetic aperture radar sar surveys lack, in general, the advantageous symmetry most monostatic sar surveys have. Moreover, this configuration also brings additional benefits with respect to monostatic sar systems like increased reliability and. Bistatic sar bsar imaging 37 has received much less attention than its monostatic counterpart. Figure 1 shows the geometric configuration of gnssbased bistatic sar, where the origin o is set to be the scene center, the xaxis points to the east direction and the yaxis points to the north. Focusing of tandem bistatic sar data using range doppler.
Tested with different bistatic configurations and shown to be not limited by any bistatic configuration. Bistatic frequencymodulated continuous wave fmcw synthetic aperture radar sar mounts the radar transmitter and receiver on separate platforms, which offers considerable capabilities, reliability and flexibility in designing fmcw sar missions. Bistatic synthetic aperture radar synchronization processing 275 1 o t v gh, and 1 t t w. Processing algorithms for bistatic synthetic aperture radar. The scientific method is used in order to develop and validate the synchronous acquisition system for bistatic sar in image mode im and wide swath mode wsm. Spaceborne bistatic sar processing using the eetf4 algorithm article pdf available in ieee geoscience and remote sensing letters 62. Two typical algorithms, bistatic fast backprojection bifbp and bistatic range doppler birda, which are both available for general bistatic geometry, are selected as the examples of time and frequencydomain algorithms in this study. As a consequence, the bistatic sar image formation task has a complexity which in most cases has only been approximately addressed. Bistatic sar data processing algorithms by xiaolan qiu. Signal synchronisation and image formation algorithms are described for two system variants.
Focusing translational variant bistatic forwardlooking. Bistatic sar system and signal processing technology. This book reports the latest results in the study of bistatic multistatic sar system and signal processing techniques. Focusing of tandem bistatic sar data using the chirp. In bistatic sar data, the range history of a target has a double square root. The processing eciency can be highly improved in the frequency domain, where the bistatic point target reference spectrum bptrs is an important basis 57. The advantage of the proposed spectrum model is that it is very similar to the monostatic fmcw sar spectrum and thus the existing fmcw sar imaging algorithms can be. Graduate students with a background in radar who are interested in bistatic and multistatic. The general bistatic sar range equation has a doublesquareroot dsr term that makes it difficult to derive an analytical expression of the bistatic two. The modified rma is also proved by the simulation in this section to be effective in fmcw bistatic sar signal processing. Digital processing algorithms for bistatic synthetic. Bistatic sar, sar processing, omegak algorithm, bistatic experiments i.
May 31, 20 the paper presents a study of the capability of time and frequencydomain algorithms for bistatic sar processing. Research open access focusing of tandem bistatic sar. This paper first proposed a twodimensional spectrum model for bistatic fmcw sar based on fresnel approximation and then proposed a modified rma for processing the fmcw sar data. Bistatic synthetic aperture radar synchronization processing. In this paper, a general imaging formation algorithm was proposed for accurately and efficiently focusing gnssbased bistatic sar data, which avoids the interpolation processing in traditional back projection algorithms bpas. The capability of time and frequencydomain algorithms for. Based on the idea of synthetic aperture radar, a new dataprocessing method has been developed that uses superposition to realise multiaperture data integration as well as kirchhoff migration and. Processing of bistatic sar data from quasistationary configurations article pdf available in ieee transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 4511. Rma 17,18 is a widely used sar imaging algorithm well accepted as one of the most accurate sar imaging algorithms. Research open access focusing of tandem bistatic sar data. Moreover, the terrasarxpamir experiment performed in march 2009 is the first double eusar 2012 772. Focusing bistatic fmcw sar signal by range migration. Bistatic sar data processing algorithms qiu, xiaolan, ding, chibiao, hu, donghui on. A novel general imaging formation algorithm for gnssbased.
This thesis, conducted at the rslab, investigates the acquisition and processing of bistatic sar data, using sabrinax and with terrasarx as the transmitter of opportunity. Efficient bistatic sar raw signal simulator of extended scenes. Rangedoppler algorithm for processing bistatic sar data based on the lbf in the constantoffset constellation. Library of congress cataloginginpublication data qiu, xiaolan.
Pdf rangedoppler algorithm for processing bistatic sar. These trials produced a set of fully polarimetric simultaneously collected monostatic and bistatic sar data, collected over a wide range of bistatic angles, for research purposes. Two typical algorithms, bistatic fast backprojection bifbp and bistatic range doppler birda, which are both available for general bistatic geometry, are selected as the examples of time and frequencydomain algorithms in this. Pdf spaceborne bistatic sar processing using the eetf4. Sensors free fulltext focusing bistatic fmcw sar signal. In this paper, an efficient 2d frequencydomain raw data simulator of extended scenes for.
Aim at uwb bistatic sar systems but available for nb bistatic sar systems. No interpolation is needed during the entire processing. Alternatively, fast imaging algorithms in the frequency domain such as bistatic range migration algorithm rma 5, bistatic range doppler algorithm rda 6 are developed for bistatic data processing which uses an approximate point target pt spectrum. A comparison of point target spectra derived for bistatic sar. Bistatic synthetic aperture radar data processing and analysis. Processing of sar data fundamentals, signal processing. Focusing of tandem bistatic sar data using the chirpscaling. Cumming, life senior member, ieee abstractthe existence of a double hyperbola in the bistatic range equation makes it dif.
Sar image processing, synthetic aperture radar, time domain algorithms, ultra widebeam, uwb bistatic sar. Fast factorized backprojection algorithm for uwb bistatic. Bistatic terrasarxfsar spaceborneairborne sar experiment. In an analogous manner to the progress of monostatic sar image formation algorithms. It opens with an introduction to the fundamentals of synthetic aperture radar. Hence, traditional imaging algorithms, like rangedoppler, chirpscaling 11, and omegak 12.
Introduction traditional monostatic algorithms, such as the range doppler and chirp scaling algorithms, may not work well in a bistatic environment. Geometry and processing algorithms for bistatic sar. Interferometric applications, for which accurate focusing is essential, constitute the basis of future operational. Although traditional sar signal processing is fully developed, bistatic sar has a more complex system structure, so signal processing is more challenging. Bistatic sar data processing algorithms xiaolan qiu, chibiao ding, and donghui hu. A comparison of point target spectra derived for bistatic sar processing yew lam neo, frank h. Radar sar image formation and the development of bistatic sar algorithms to ac commodate various bistatic sar geometries. This report presents the work done as part of the thesis. Interferometric applications, for which accurate focusing is essential, constitute the basis of future operational spaceborne bistatic sar missions like tandemx 11.
Algorithm architecture for synthetic aperture radar sar ground processing gary a. The formulation of a point target spectrum in synthetic aperture radar sar is a key step in sar focusing algorithms, which exploits the processing efficiency in the frequency domain. Pdf processing of azimuthinvariant bistatic sar data. Bistatic sar is a new kind of sar system, where the transmitter and receiver are placed on two separate platforms. Processing algorithms for bistatic synthetic aperture. The length of the baseline baseline to range ratio does not give a direct influence to the proposed algorithm, which can be. Based on the idea of synthetic aperture radar, a new data processing method has been developed that uses superposition to realise multiaperture data integration as well as kirchhoff migration and. Yocky prepared by sandia national laboratories albuquerque, new mexico 87185 and livermore, california 94550 sandia national laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by sandia corporation. Synchronous acquisition system for bistatic sar using. Fast back projection algorithm for bistatic sar using polar coordinates. Processing of sar data shows how sar imagery is formed, how interferometry sar images are created, and gives you a detailed mathematical description of different focussing algorithms with special emphasis in interferomtery.
The capability of time and frequencydomain algorithms. The work reported in this thesis is motivated by the various processing challenges presented by these data sets. The length of the baseline baseline to range ratio does not give a direct influence to the proposed algorithm, which can be applied to the processing of tandem bistatic data with a large baseline even when the baseline is equal to the range. Algorithm architecture for synthetic aperture radar sar. Moreover, the spatial separation achieves better isolation between transmission and reception channels compared with the monostatic fmcw sar where. Hence, traditional imaging algorithms, like rangedoppler, chirpscaling 11, and omegak 12, cannot be used. Gps, glonass or galileo as transmitters of opportunity. Bistatic sar processing using an omegak type algorithm. Novel research ideas and experimental verification have been collected on all kinds of configurations of bistatic multistatic sar system, including the preliminary construction of system model, imaging algorithm design, mission design and the corresponding application. Inherit timedomain characteristics such as unlimited scene size, local processing, motion compensation and so on.
Bistatic sar data acquisition and processing using sabrinax. Imaging is one of the most difficult and important aspects of bistatic sar data processing. Digital processing algorithms for bistatic synthetic aperture. Bistatic sar processing, nonlinear chirp scaling, parallel tracks. Bistatic sar data acquisition and processing using sabrina.
Traditional monostatic sar algorithms based on frequency domain methods assume a single square root a hyperbolic range equation. Finally, the report describes the successful coherent processing of two existing bistatic clutter data sets spaceborne and airborne data measured at the air force research laboratories afrl in rome, ny in 2002. In the general case, the bistatic sar is also a noncooperative system, thus the development of automatic processing approaches for the synchronisation of bistatic sar data is. Introduction the first part of this paper deals with an omegak type. Digital processing algorithms for bistatic synthetic aperture radar data by yew lam neo b. Dec 28, 2017 the formulation of a point target spectrum in synthetic aperture radar sar is a key step in sar focusing algorithms, which exploits the processing efficiency in the frequency domain. Fast back projection algorithm for bistatic sar using. In this case, the above algorithms do not focus the bistatic data well.
The book describes in a comprehensive manner new methods and algorithms for interferometric processing of sar data. At the beginning, we have analyzed and studied the proposed objectives of the thesis and simulated the. Unlike the existing algorithms, it is no longer sensitive to the baseline to range ratio, even when the baseline is equal to the range. Bistatic sar is one of the most important trends in sar development, as the technology renders sar more flexible and safer when used in military environments. The paper presents a study of the capability of time and frequencydomain algorithms for bistatic sar processing. Px p,y p is an arbitrary point target in the imaging area the targets are assumed to be located on the xoy plane. Multistatic sar algorithm with image combination tommy teer and nathan a.
Fundamentals of bistatic sar imaging algorithms springerlink. An overview of bsar, addressing both imaging algorithms and practical hardware considerations such as coherency, is considered in 4 and a more rigorous coherency analysis is done in 8. In bistatic sar data, the range history of a target has. Gi w 2 it is well known that sfi defined as the spectral density of phase fluctuations on a per. Processing algorithms for bistatic synthetic aperture radar data.
Focusing translational variant bistatic forwardlooking sar. Extendedscenes simulation is not used in this section. Frequencydomain bistatic sar processing for spaceborne. The motivations for this thesis are the investigation of bistatic synthetic aperture radar sar image formation and the development of bistatic sar algorithms to accommodate various bistatic sar geometries. Sar processing could be applied to bistatic fmcw sar. Uwb bistatic sar data based on the subaperture and subimage basis to reduce the. Based on an exact analytical bistatic point target spectrum, an efficient chirpscaling algorithm is proposed to correct the range cell migration of different range gates to the one of the reference range for tandem bistatic synthetic aperture radar data processing.
Synchronous acquisition system for bistatic sar using image. Synthetic aperture radar sar is critical for remote sensing. The book is ideal for researchers and engineers in sar signal and data processing, as well as those working in bistatic and multistatic radar imaging, and in the radar sciences. In bistatic synthetic aperture radar sar with one stationary station, twodimensional spatial variance is a major problem. However, the existing bistatic sar raw data simulator in the frequency domain can only handle the case of translation invariant system. Bistatic sar processing using nonlinear chirp scaling. Geometry and processing algorithms for bistatic sar progress report by yew lam neo b. Graduate students with a background in radar who are interested in bistatic and multistatic radar will find this book a helpful reference. Focusing of tandem bistatic sar data using the chirpscaling algorithm. Focusing bistatic sar data in double sliding spotlight. Processing of azimuthinvariant bistatic sar data using the range doppler algorithm article pdf available in ieee transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 461. Bistatic synthetic aperture radar sar surveys efficient. At the beginning, we have analyzed and studied the proposed objectives of the thesis and simulated the first algorithms and signal processing stages of the.
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